The unloading completed, Kainan Maru departed for King Edward VII Land, leaving seven men on the Barrier. An emergency evacuation resulted in the abandonment of 15 sled dogs. [8][n 1] While some suspected them as being part of a Japanese plan to expand its influence southwards,[28] the New Zealand Times mocked the crew as "gorillas sailing about in a miserable whaler",[29] a remark that caused Shirase deep offence. [13] Even the Tokyo Geographical Society refused its backing. Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. [44] On 22 June, the camp was decorated with flags to mark the coronation of King George V, and visitors were entertained with exhibitions of traditional martial arts. [57] An advance party ascended the Barrier to examine the surface and judge its suitability for travel. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Data Reports. [1] The dogs that had died on the chain showed no signs of cannibalism, and it was theorized that Taro and Jiro survived by learning to hunt penguins and seals and to eat frozen marine life that surfaced in ice cracks. [38] Tension had grown following Japan's recent military victories in Russia and China, and as in New Zealand, there was considerable suspicion about the party's true purpose. While Fuchs soon won the support of many in the Commonwealth polar and scientific communities, some derided what appeared to be a geopolitical exercise using the supposedly apolitical, science-focused IGY. July 1957-Dec. 1958. From the Archives, 1958: Fuchs crosses Antarctic continent. In a combined effort not long after World War II, the U.S. Navy employed ships, airplanes and helicopters to explore and map Antarctica's frozen reaches. 4: 2011 in addittion to Ivar Hamre's article "The Japanese South Polar Expedition of 1911-1912: A Little-Known Episode in Antarctic Exploration" in The . [8] Dogs would be the prime mode of transport in the Antarctic; Shirase's initial preference for Manchurian ponies was impractical, since the expedition's ship, acquired with the assistance of Okuna, was too small to carry horses. They had carried out seismic soundings right across the continent. The name "Yamato Yukihara" was officially accepted by the Japanese Antarctic Place Names Committee in 2012. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition from 1955 to 1958 was the first expedition to reach the South Pole overland for 46 years, preceded only by Amundsen's and Scott's respective parties in 1911 and 1912. Some materials deposited at the Institute are NOT owned by the Institute. It was forgotten that the Russian navigators Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev had already discovered the coast proclaimed by Japan 91 years earlier. Additional finding aids are available at the Institute. [74] Resuming on 22January, over the next few days they battled on against strong winds and blizzards, while the temperature fell to 25C (13F). Queen Mother . OPINION: When the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ended on March 2, 1958, it marked what many called the last great adventure possible on Earth: an overland crossing of the Antarctic . Stefansson Mss-212: United States Antarctic Projects Office-Official Observer reports, United States Antarctic Projects Office-Official Observer reports, https://www.dartmouth.edu/library/rauner/, Rauner.Special.Collections.Reference@dartmouth.edu. Led the 1963-64 Northern Victoria Land expedition, the last major Antarctic expedition where dogs were used. The term autograph is used when the author has signed the item. Mss-212, Box: 1, Folder: 11 (Mixed Materials) Luckily not all of these photographs capture tragic events that occurred in history, as there are plenty that captures the glory of the past. The first successful land crossing via the South Pole is led by British geologist Vivian Fuchs with New Zealander Edmund Hillary leading the back-up party, more than 40 years . [14] Amid public indifference and press derision,[15] Shirase's fortunes turned when he secured the support of Count Okuma, the former prime minister, a figure of great prestige and influence. First published in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 3, 1958. Description. Hillarys dash to the Pole was far more memorable than the actual crossing. The following elements may be needed for your citation. When she left Tokyo 24 hours later, only a few were present to see her go "the most dismal sort of send-off ever accorded to any polar explorer", according to Shirase. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. For Fuchs to succeed in journeying from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole, his plan like that of Ernest Shackletons ill-fated attempt 40 years earlier depended on a supporting party from New Zealand. [75] Weather conditions were now much more favourable, and they covered the distance in three days, possibly the fastest polar sledge journey at that time. The movie spectacularly traces some movements of the ill fated 1958 Japanese Antarctic expedition. 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan The next day, 20 June 1912, after a journey of nearly 50,000km (31,000 miles),[72] she entered Tokyo harbour to a tumultuous reception. Japan commenced its scientific activities in Antarctica in 1956, which was marked by the voyage of "Soya" with the 1st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) on board. Taro (; 19551970) and Jiro (; 19551960) were two Sakhalin Huskies which survived for eleven months in Antarctica after being left behind by the 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. By the time Fuchs arrived at the Pole on January 19, a media firestorm had exploded. [67] The Norwegians were less flattering in their observations of the Japanese expedition, noting in particular the barbaric fashion in which wildlife was captured and killed. Data are focused on features of Antarctica and the Antarctic Ocean. Written permission to publish material subject to the Institute's copyright must be obtained from the Director. In Fuchs words: A trans-continental journey made wholly within territory claimed by the British Commonwealth [] would gain prestige and at the same time contribute to the solidarity of Commonwealth interests.. We travelled in some bad weather but on only two of our 99 days was the weather so bad that we could not travel at all. he said. Crossing the Polar Circle. Hillarys dash to the Pole was far more memorable than the actual crossing. Dr Fuchs pictured after signing his autograph for a well-wisher, at Buckingham Palace, after receiving his knighthood in May. This film is based on the Japanese film "Antarctica" (1983), and that both of these films are based on the true story of the ill-fated 1958 Japanese expedition to Antarctica. Sir Edmund Hillary led the New Zealand component of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (TAE) in 1955-58, under the overall command of the British explorer Dr Vivian Fuchs. About 650 ce, however, long before European geographers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were to conjecture about Terra Australis Incognita, a mythical land to the far south, Rarotongan oral tradition tells of Ui-te-Rangiora, who sailed south of Aotearoa (New Zealand) to a frozen region. [60] This decided, the ship turned westward towards the Bay of Whales; as they approached, they found to their astonishment that another ship was there. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. Sir Edmund, who at one stage urged Dr Fuchs to end his journey at the Pole because of the weather and postpone the full crossing until mountain ranges in the next year, said, laughing: I must say, Bunny, there were times when I wondered if you were going to get here, but you did., Dr Fuchs said, on the radio. . Takesi Nagata led the summer operations for 1956-1957. On the table was a huge welcome cake, iced and lettered which had been baked at Hut Point. Read more: [100] In 2011, to mark the expedition's centenary, the Shirase Expedition Supporters Association published a full English translation, by Lara Dagnell and Hilary Shibata, of the original expedition report (Nankyokuki Tanken) from 1913. In 2014, 56 years since Hillary's journey and 56 years since the birth of the Massey . The brainchild of an army reserve lieutenant, Nobu Shirase, the expedition was privately funded. [50], Kainan Maru left Sydney in fair weather, and made good progress southwards. He sold his house in Tokyo and moved to the Kuril Islands, where he raised money through the fox-fur business. [8][22] The two contemporaneous South Pole expeditions, led respectively by Scott and Amundsen, were by this time well established in their Antarctic bases. It also became only the fourth team to travel beyond the 80S mark. Two Sakhalin Husky dogs, Taro and Jiro, who survived in Antarctica for a year. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) commenced on the occasion of International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958. Champagne was opened after Mrs Fuchs has telephoned. From 1958 to 1973, Dr Fuchs was Director of the British Antarctic Survey. Reports of Task Force 48 concerning U.S.S. It was also about national competition and prestige, disputed sovereignty, and competing versions of masculinity. Ken Takakura gives a strong performance as . Fighting boredom with banjos and Russian grammar tips from polar explorers for surviving months of isolation. [13] Still the scientific community remained aloof, and the journal of the Tokyo Geographical Society, while reporting on other countries' expeditions, ignored the Japanese venture entirely. To request copies, please use the information above and refer to our request forms, policies, and pricing guidelines. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974 and was President of the Royal Geographical Society from 1982 to 1984. . Lure of the ice: a view across the Ross Ice Shelf. Atka Antarctic Expedition, 1954-55. [22], On departure day, large crowds gathered to see the expedition off. Japanese expedition repts finding uranium on Prince Harald Coast. Only the future will tell that. This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. [31][30], The consequences of their late departure were now becoming evident; with the onset of winter, the sea was beginning to freeze around them. This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:15. The preparations began in 1955 and Vivian Fuchs sailed with an advance party from London to Antarctica in the Canadian sealer . [61][62] Thick sea ice had formed in the inner part of the bay, so Kainan Maru could not approach the Barrier edge, and had to moor to the ice some distance away. His team made good time and established Depot 700, the last one scheduled, in late December. But the Ross Sea Committee, which organised the expedition, worked to imbue the public with a sense that their country had a stake in the Antarctic territory they claimed: the New Zealand Antarctic Expedition, as it was often called domestically, would be a triumph for their nation. The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition was conceived of in the early 1950s and took place in 1957 and 1958. The former RGS president Clements Markham ignored the expedition altogether in his polar exploration history, The Lands of Silence. Edmund Hillary in Antarctica 1958. The area appears to have been subsumed into, "About JARE (Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition)", "Ross Sea Ice Shelf The World's Largest Body of Floating Ice", "The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 1912", "Japanese Antarctica Expedition and the Shirase Sword", "Memorial plaque to the Japanese Antarctic Expedition visit to Parsley Bay, Sydney in 1911", "A century later, Shirase returns to Sydney a hero", "Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 191012", "Science, the South Pole, and the Japanese expedition of 19101912", "The Antarctica seen 100 years ago by the Shirase Japanese Antarctic Expedition", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition&oldid=1134397295, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 13:42. The ice "took the form of small lotus leaves, which gradually spread out over the sea to cover the whole surface". 1958, Page 35 Buy Reprints. 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