For some coastal regions, such as the Pacific coast, a large part of their sediment is supplied by rivers. Candidates may refer to the fact that where successful management strategies are implemented, negative impacts are mitigated. 116. Usefulness: [5], This is a high energy coastal environment characterised by erosion, high wave activity, exposure to prevailing winds and a long wave fetch. [3], 8. The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: Protection of cliffs by a variety of management strategies - groynes, sea walls etc. -Meander, Easy to interpret? Knowledge and understanding of the positive impacts of these processes on human activity e.g. AO2 Geological Society, London, pp 293303, Davis RA, Hine AC, Bland MJ (1987) Midnight Pass, Florida: inlet instability due to man-related activities in Little Sarasota Bay. reference to conditions of formation - depth, light, currents The Great Barrier Reef is under threat from a range of pressures with a major one being deteriorating water quality due to pollution from adjacent land use. Human Examples could include: The cost of this over the years is well into the millions and although replenishing the beaches with sand is helpful now, it is hardly a long term solution (Fox). This may include: This provides the stability necessary for plant growth. AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to assess the relationship between human activity and positive impact. Location 1 have steeper decline/rate of erosion This has been a problem at Studland Bay in Dorset on the south coast of England. AO1 the importance of time scales in the continuing development of the landform Possible approaches may include: Concerns arising from the pollution of coastal and marine waters from land based sources are well established. AO2 Candidates should demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the extent to which one coastal management strategy has been successful. (20 marks). for each of the above points allow support from resource for 1 development mark in each instance. the relative importance of wind debris fan at foot of the cliff In: Pye K, Allen JRL (eds) Coastal and estuarine environments: sedimentology, geomorphology, and geoarchaeology. An examination of changes over geographical space in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. (b) Discuss the view that coastal processes have a mainly positive impact on human activity. (b) Examine the success of one management strategy used to manage the impacts of coastal processes on human activity. Erosion of the 12 apostles (only 9 left) has nothing to do with humans, where dramatic oil spill near coast ruins beaches, does have to do with humans. Some students may also identify the low energy features of the landscape and will highlight the beach as the main characteristic landform of this particular environment. The Ocean Conservation Trust is a charity of Ocean optimists taking action to protect and restore nature for a thriving Ocean. subaerial processes of weathering and mass movement including landslides, slumps and rock falls. The relative importance of different sub aerial processes in the formation of one or more identified landforms the impact of the strategy on processes operating in adjacent parts of the coastal system building of groynes or dredging could affect depositional rates, 8. 2019, p. 247). the importance of erosional processes or sub-aerial processes [10], AO1 Candidates should be able to show the knowledge and understanding of the sub aerial processes of coastal weathering (the breaking down of rock in situ). They may affect sources of new sediment to the coast and the movement of sediment within the coastal environment; they may promote changes in sea level, both local . Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of millennia - isostatic and eustatic changes This may include: Coastal erosion is to blame. Remind students that many human activities not associated with the marine environment can also affect ocean ecosystems. The way the coast is managed can cause conflict. Stacks A new study suggests that exposure to coastal environments can play a significant role in boosting human health and well-being, due to the 'therapeutic effects' marine and coastal landscapes have. Possible approaches may include: [6], Candidates should show understanding of how the identified reasons can lead to more deposition occurring in one place than another. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Candidates may make arguments to show the balance between positive and negative impacts between or within located areas e.g. The increase in the use of fertilisers for agriculture and warming ocean waters has contributed to eutrophication of the Ocean in certain areas of the world. Professor Nicola Beaumont, Head of Science for Sea and Society at Plymouth Marine Laboratory, said: Our research demonstrates that marine and coastal areas play an important role in supporting peoples well-being. We just have to take positive steps now. In the 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect the properties on the beach. Overstrand is the only site with mudflows (b) Discuss the impact of either eustatic or isostatic sea level changes on the development of one coastal landform. Date: November 4, 2008. ASCE, New York, pp 774789, National Research Council (1995) Beach nourishment and protection. Content may vary according to landform(s) selected but may include: The beaches you frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year. Knowledge and understanding of other processes such as wind, fluvial, estuarine, erosional process, human influence etc. AO2 Candidates demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the role of sub aerial process in the formation of one or more landforms. -Changes to climate etc) AO2 Candidates should apply knowledge and understanding to evaluate the impacts of human activity on the coastal environment. Assess the relative importance of longshore drift in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal deposition. Headlands ), Barrier Islands: Process and Management. 9.4 Coastal landscapes and processes (The Earth's crust is modified by . provision of sediment as erosional tools AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to examine the role of longshore drift in the formation of one landform of coastal deposition. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Examination of the relative role of longshore drift AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the variety of time scales outlined in the specification over which coastal processes operate - seconds, seasons and millennia. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing. AO1.1 a.1 b c 3 Total 10 5 15 This question requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically structured. Are intervals of key good? The geological structure incorporates bedding planes, dip, folding and faulting and can add distinctive features to these landforms. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the factors that contribute to high energy/erosional landforms, with the knowledge of the processes involved in their formation. When water and wind batter the shoreline sediments are carried out to sea and deposited on the sea floor or at other points along the coastline. But if we add humans to these beaches what do we get. Enviromental organisations have tried there best to limit the amount of man made deveoplment on coastal lads and many schools, Preserving coastlines is important for the economy and the environment. the reasons for the strategy such as high rates of erosion or deposition of sediment in inappropriate places There graph shows distinct zones that could be used to identify patterns. [5], The development of the coastal landscape can be seen from both an erosional and depositional viewpoint. [8], AO1 -Infrastructure 15. The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: Protection of cliffs by a variety of management strategies - groynes, sea walls etc. The coastline is rapidly eroding at an average of 1.8 metres a year. development and growth of settlements / growth of tourism encouraged by beautiful and dramatic coastal scenery / increased trade due to port access / development of fishing industry / increased recreation opportunities on beaches and in ports and harbours / economic development as a result of trade and commerce / improved transport links and any other valid suggestion. Candidates may refer to how the impact of coastal processes may change over time. Davis, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000. Richard A. Davis Jr. . Specific areas of sediment loss and gain should be identified to reach Band 3. These are hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion, attrition and solution. All storm water drains in Victoria are linked to the sea. [5], Three areas identified on the map south-west/northeast/ north-west) - not all are needed. isostatic recovery takes place (slowly/over a long period of time) Many human activities take place on the coast; The effects of these may be: Direct or indirect; Positive or negative; Table of Impacts on Coasts. 271 million recreational visits are made to the coast each year. -Transport, deposition where wind speed falls behind obstacles scars on the cliff face Examine the relative importance of geology in the development of one or more landforms of coastal erosion. Many countries have taken steps to ban single use plastic items like straws, drink stirrers and cotton buds. (a) (ii) Suggest one social loss associated with coastal erosion. The price of good farmland has risen sharply, from 2400 per hectare in 1995 to 30,000 in 2015. Timescale of data The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. Knowledge and understanding of how alternative process contribute to the development of depositional landforms. Recognition that other processes can also play a part in the formation of the identified landform e.g. the changing role of wind with distance inland [2], political issues -Use of colour, interpretation easy? In: Stauble DM (ed) Barrier Islands: process and management. The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: We can all be conservationists, and many people are doing their bit at home to protect the Ocean. (b) Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. magnitude of process changes with spatial scale 7. [3], - presence of unconsolidated sand Weybourne only has landslides There is a shift in voting patterns, with more voters choosing to vote for parties with the better green and blue credentials. The sandy beach is the junction of land and ocean. Summary of beach nourishment along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico shoreline. Ability to show change over time? J Coast Res 14:407417, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA, You can also search for this author in Landform/s will be clearly identified and must be erosional. Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. [6], Generally increased erosion over time in the south of the photography (reference to dates) Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of seconds - mass movement, storm events, wave motion, tides and currents Bar charts, cumulative bars and pie charts the characteristics of the strategy such as physical structure or operation Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. (b) Explain why wind is important in the formation of coastal sand dunes. Knowledge and understanding of the processes of coastal transport - suspension, saltation and traction. (b) Examine the role of coastal transport processes in the formation of one landform of coastal deposition. AO2 This leaves the sand dunes more susceptible to erosion causing blowouts and disrupting the succession of vegetation in the area. If you have ever lived in proximity to coastal areas you may have seen coastline erosion first hand. (ii) Explain why wave fetch may affect the erosion of this coastal landscape. Another impact on the coast is pollution. Many of such structures cause more problems than they solve. Many time a maritime forests will form on secondary dunes. This present study is focusing on the understanding of morphological dynamics on coastal region, long-term sediment transport, turbidity distribution pattern, impact of sediment transported pollutants etc. (20) Assess the extent to which predicted climate change will present challenges for sustainable management of a local scale environment that you have studied. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. There are several reasons why the coast at Holderness is eroding so quickly: Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall . Furthermore, extraction of building materials such as sand affects coral reefs, mangroves, and hinterland forests, leading to erosion and destruction of habitats. This may include: [5], chalk cliffs steeper than clay and sand, 3. or development of example, 20. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of one strategy used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. the extent to which there has been a changing focus of coastal erosion as sediment is trapped by groynes Here, we used a multispecies occupancy model (MSOM) to understand mammalian habitat use patterns across a mosaic of tropical dry forest in Colombia and elucidate whether forest cover is more important than its integrity and other . They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. This area is affected by wind erosion as well as the tides if adequate vegetative cover is not present. Write the correct word in the space next to each definition. loamy sand Significant areas of gain are located from 0 to 4 km and reaches 3 m per year. Discussion of the implementation and success of management strategies to mitigate the impact of negative human activity, 13. Or without humans. Relevant responses may include: There are four main processes of erosion along the coast. used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. A new study suggests that exposure to coastal environments can play a significant role in boosting human health and well-being, due to the therapeutic effects marine and coastal landscapes have. the changing role of wind within the dune system - blowouts, 20. (Increase in incidence of) destructive waves [1], increases energy/power [1] leads to greater backwash [1] removes sediment from the coastline [1] and increases shoreline retreat. Activity: Impact: Development: Buildings on the coasts increase the weight pressure on cliffs; Assessment of positive against negative impacts Focus is on differences in deposition rather than comparison of deposition and erosion. knowledge and understanding of how lithological factors influence the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness 4. Climate change and rising sea levels are likely to lead to flooding by salt water during winter high tides, which could threaten the pastures. Ability to pick out anomalies To express human activities in more detail, the landscape types were classified into positive and negative ecological elements [40], representing positive and negative ecological effects (Table 5 . 16 (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to describe variations in the processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk.
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