[61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. Church historians. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. FactSnippet No. During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. Mrs. Lawton was the second of the ten Alexander children, of whom the sixth was the late Gen. Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery, Longstreet's Corps, C. S. A., president . Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. [60] The majority in attendance voted that the Quorum of the Twelve was to lead the church. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. We only index and link to content provided on other servers. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Miller was arrested, but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. [103] Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country. The day will come when the seed of Canaan will be redeemed and have all the blessings their brethren enjoy. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. Of these, 20 percent were 40 or younger. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. This blog does not store any files on its server. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. Joseph! Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph," a term people in the Church used to refer to indigenous people. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. He developed a device for mixing paints, and turned out many chairs, tables, settees, cupboards, and doors. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. Joseph! [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. [2] His last words were "Joseph! He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. Through most of the nineteenth century, the American West was considered the land of opportunity. Conditions Governing Use Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. You must not meddle with them. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. Young was born shortly after his return. Carter. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. [174], Young was a polygamist, having at least fifty-six wives. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. . [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . [135] The Mormon Reformation called for a spiritual reawakening among members of the church, and took place largely in the Utah Territory. Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining 'Wife': The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. 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